Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans or thromboangiitis, is a serious inflammatory disease of small and medium-sized arteries and veins, mainly in the legs. Less commonly, the arteries in the hands also become narrowed or blocked, causing insufficient blood supply to the fingers. A severe blockage causes finger pain and tissue death, requiring amputation of the affected fingers. Inflammation of the superficial veins and symptoms of Raynaud's disease also occur. The pathology is characterized by obliteration of the lumen of blood vessels, which can lead to ischemia (lack of blood supply) and tissue necrosis. Several possible causes of Buerger's disease: smoking; genetic predisposition; autoimmune processes; age - the disease occurs most often in young patients, usually under 50 years of age; hormonal factors; viral infections; Chronic stress; infectious agents: some bacteria or other infectious agents may play a role in the development of the disease; systemic connective tissue diseases; High blood pressure: High blood pressure can increase the risk of developing Buerger's disease.
Signs:
- legache
- pain in toes
- finger pain
- big toe swelling
- ankle swelling
- Hair loss
- leg cramps
- increased protein concentration in the urine - proteinuria
- cold feet
- limp
- erectile dysfunction
- skin ulcers
- foot ulcers
De Quervain's disease is an inflammatory disease of the tendons of the thumb, which is manifested by pain in the wrist area. This pathology was first described by the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain in 1895. He performed surgery to release compressed tendons. De Quervain's disease is more common in women and is caused by prolonged stress on the hand and thumb due to repetitive wrist movements. For example, when constantly using a smartphone, holding heavy objects with one hand. The risk of developing the syndrome increases in representatives of professions associated with active manual work: hairdressers, seamstresses, builders, pianists. Also risk factors are pregnancy and postpartum, rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of development of the pathological condition is as follows. The tendons of the wrist extensor muscles pass beneath the retinaculum ligament on the dorsal surface of the lower third of the forearm. In this area there are 6 channels through which the tendons slide. With frequent hand movements, greater friction of these tendons against the walls of the channel occurs. As a result, swelling occurs, causing a narrowing of the canal, which disrupts the normal sliding of the tendons and causes acute pain in the wrist when moving the thumb.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- wrist pain
- finger pain
- pain in the forearm
- finger deformity
- burning in the wrist
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- hand swelling
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- decreased range of motion
Bursitis is an inflammation of the bursae surrounding a joint. As a rule, the disease affects the large joints of the upper extremities. The finger bags may also be affected, but this occurs less frequently. During exacerbations of bursitis, cold application will help: the pain will decrease and the inflammation will subside. For chronic forms of the disease, physiotherapy and drug injections are prescribed. In particularly advanced cases, doctors resort to surgical interventions.
Signs:
- finger pain
- finger swelling
- redness of the skin
- bag thickening
Secondary syphilis is the second stage of infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease. Secondary syphilis develops several weeks or months after the primary infection (primary syphilis) and is characterized by the spread of the infection throughout the body. Causes: The cause of secondary syphilis is the continuation of infection with the bacteria Treponema pallidum after the primary stage of syphilis. Below are some factors that may contribute to the development of secondary syphilis: insufficient or inadequate treatment of primary syphilis, non-compliance with treatment, late initiation of treatment, unprotected sexual relations with an infected partner; weak immunity.
Signs:
- white coating on the tongue
- pain in toes
- finger pain
- headache
- red eyes (hyperemia)
- unusual vaginal discharge
- chills and tremors
- toe swelling
- finger swelling
- acne
- swollen lymph nodes
A dislocated finger is a pathological condition in which the articular surfaces of the phalanges of the fingers are displaced and are no longer congruent with each other. Fingers are affected more often than toes. A dislocated finger can occur in any of the joints of any finger, but most commonly occurs in the middle joint of the little finger, ring finger, middle finger, or index finger. A dislocated toe is always caused by a force applied to the nail phalanx. For example: while playing sports, the ball may hit the tip of an extended finger; falling on an outstretched arm. The cause of a finger injury is usually a domestic or sports injury: forced hyperextension or a blow to the finger area. A dislocated toe occurs as a result of a jump or fall. .
Signs:
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- finger swelling
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- cracking in the knuckles of the fingers
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus, the causes of which may include: prolonged high blood sugar levels, inadequate treatment of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, damage to nerve cells and blood vessels, genetic predisposition, autoimmune reactions, stress chronic, physical insufficiency. movement, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, age-related changes, infections, inflammatory processes in the body, long-term use of certain medications and circulatory disorders.
Signs:
- finger pain
- diarrhea - diarrhea
- burning sensation in the lower leg
- delayed ejaculation
- Difficulty urinating
- skin itch
- numbness in the toes
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- loss of bowel control
- loss of feeling in the legs
- loss of feeling in hands
- finger stiffness
- leg cramps
- rapid heartbeat - tachycardia
- cold feet
- limp
- chronic constipation
- excessive sweating - hyperhidrosis
Hannails are purulent inflammatory formations on the skin or mucous membranes, caused by the penetration of bacteria into small affected areas, and can be caused by the following reasons: trauma or damage to the skin, infections with staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, pneumococci , fungus. Infections, periodontitis, immunodeficiency conditions, wounds after surgery, burns, wounds from animal bites, dental infections, poor diet, gum diseases, abrasions or cracks in the skin, weak immunity, self-etching (self-harm), hypovitaminosis, personal problems. hygiene, improper use of contraceptives, contact with contaminated objects, broad spectrum antibiotics, dysfunction of the lymphatic system and damage to the mucous membranes.
Signs:
- finger pain
- skin inflammation - eczema
- skin thinning
- brittle hair and nails
- redness of the skin
- Dry Skin
Dupuytren's contracture, also called Dupuytren's disease, is an abnormal thickening of the fascia, a layer of tissue under the skin, in the palm of the hand at the base of the fingers. This thickened area may take the form of a lump or a dense streak. Over time, it causes one or more fingers to curl, pushing them to the side or inward of the palm. The ring and little fingers are the most affected. In many cases, both hands are affected. In rare cases, the feet may be affected. Dupuytren's contracture is inherited. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. It may be caused by smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, or medications used to treat seizures. This disease usually begins in middle age. More common in men than in women. Smokers and people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing the disease.
Signs:
- pain in one of the arms
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- finger deformity
- muscular weakness
- finger swelling
- finger stiffness
- weakness in the hands
- lump or lump
Radial nerve neuropathy is a dysfunction of the radiocarpal nerve. The following conditions can put pressure on the radial nerve, causing pinched nerves and neuropathic pain: radial tunnel syndrome; radial nerve palsy; Wartenberg syndrome. Other causes of radial nerve problems include: infections; injuries from overuse or prolonged pressure on the hands from casts or splints; complications from surgeries such as shoulder replacements; injuries, including accidents, shootings and stabbings; tumors or cysts. A broken arm or dislocated shoulder can damage the radial nerve.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- elbow pain
- finger pain
- pain in the forearm
- pain in hands
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- hand swelling
- loss of feeling in hands
- hand stiffness
Onychodystrophy is a condition characterized by changes in the structure, color or shape of the nails, and its causes may be due to trauma or damage to the nail plate, infections such as fungal infections or bacterial paronychia, poor circulation in the nail area , congenital diseases. nail abnormalities, nail susceptibility, chemical or physical insults such as contact with aggressive chemicals or trauma from repeated blows, immune system disorders, inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or eczema, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological conditions such as lichen planus or pyoderma, endocrine disorders such as diabetes or hypothyroidism, effects of medications such as retinoids or chemotherapy, bad habits such as irregular nail manipulation or nail biting, metabolic disorders, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially iron or zinc, stress or psychological factors, systemic diseases such as systemic scleroderma or leukemia, oncological processes in the body, increased moisture loss or dehydration, prolonged constant exposure to moisture or exposure of nails to mechanical pressure.
Signs:
- finger pain
- grooves in the skin
- skin inflammation - eczema
- skin thinning
- brittle hair and nails
Panaritium is an inflammatory disease that affects the fingers or toes. Causes of pathology include trauma, microtrauma infection, improper handling of sharp objects, nail damage, insect bites, poor hygiene, diabetic neuropathy, immunodeficiency conditions, exposure to chemicals, contact with contaminated water, alcohol poisoning or drugs, certain professions associated with contact with harmful substances, systemic diseases of the connective tissue, circulatory disorders, endocrine disorders, autoimmune diseases, ARVI and other infectious diseases, circulatory disorders, damage to arteries and veins, chronic diseases of organs such as the liver and kidneys, aging.
Signs:
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- pustules
- finger deformity
- skin itch
- brittle hair and nails
A finger fracture is a violation of the integrity of the bones of one of the fingers of the upper limb. Finger fractures can vary in nature and location. A closed fracture occurs as a result of trauma, such as falling on the hand or squeezing a finger. An open fracture is characterized by the bone protruding through the skin, which can occur with severe trauma, such as an accident or a sharp object injury. A basal phalanx fracture is usually caused by a blow to the top of the finger, such as with a hammer. A fracture of the middle phalanx can be the result of a direct blow to the middle part of the finger or severe compression. A distal phalanx fracture can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or a hard blow to the tip of the finger. A stress fracture is often associated with repetitive microtrauma or overuse, such as in athletes or those who frequently use their arms for repetitive movements.
Signs:
- finger pain
- bone protrusion from the skin
- finger swelling
- redness of the skin
- finger stiffness
Wrist joint injuries are injuries that can affect both the bony and soft tissues of the joints, including bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. A sprained wrist occurs when ligaments are torn due to overextension, physical impact, or a fall. Sprained wrist syndrome is a disorder of the wrist, also called ulnar abduction, that occurs when the ulna is slightly longer than the radius. It usually develops after a wrist fracture has healed atypically and makes the wrist joint between this bone and the wrist bones less stable. Wrist arthritis can occur in any wrist joint due to normal wear and tear or injury to the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed. It can be caused by repetitive strain on the wrist, high blood pressure, or diabetes.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- hand swelling
- hand stiffness
Finger polyarthritis is an inflammation of three or more joints at the same time. There are more than 100 different types of polyarthritis with different causes and treatments. The most common are: rheumatoid polyarthritis and psoriatic polyarthritis. Polyarthritis of the fingers can be caused by the following reasons: wear of the phalangeal joint from excessive loading; age; injuries; Autoimmune diseases; genetic predisposition, family history; muscular weakness. Symptoms of polyarthritis usually develop over time, but they can also appear suddenly. The typical age to develop rheumatoid arthritis is between 30 and 50 years old. However, it can also affect children, adolescents, and young adults. Osteoarthritis usually develops after age 50 or 60, but there are studies that show radiological signs of osteoarthritis in women as young as 40 years old.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- curvature of the little finger and ring finger
- numbness in fingers - paresthesia
- finger swelling
- finger stiffness
- cracking in the knuckles of the fingers
A soft tissue sprain of the hand is a violation of the integrity of a ligament, tendon or muscle. The most vulnerable to sprains are the ligaments. A soft tissue strain can occur when a joint twists unnaturally due to a sudden twist caused by a fall. The most common soft tissue injuries of the hand are injuries to muscles, tendons and ligaments. These injuries usually occur during sports and exercise, but sometimes simple everyday activities can lead to injuries. Sprains, strains, bruises, as well as tendinitis and bursitis are the main forms of injury.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- hand swelling
- hand stiffness
Rheumatoid arthritis of the hands is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect more than just the joints. In some people, the condition can cause damage to a variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. Rheumatoid arthritis of the hands, an autoimmune disease, occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks your own body tissue. Factors that increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: gender: women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis; age: rheumatoid arthritis of the hands and fingers can occur at any age, but most often begins to develop in middle age; family history: the risk of developing the disease increases if at least one of the blood relatives has rheumatoid arthritis; smoking: due to nicotine consumption, rheumatoid arthritis develops faster and presents with more acute symptoms; Overweight: Overweight patients have a slightly increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Signs:
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- high temperature - hyperpyrexia
- finger deformity
- chills and tremors
- finger swelling
- loss of appetite
- problems grasping objects with your hand
- hand stiffness
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
Sickle cell anemia is a pathology that belongs to a group of hereditary diseases. The disease affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Red blood cells are usually round and flexible, so they move easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells are shaped like a sickle or crescent. Sickle cells also become stiff and sticky, which can slow or block blood flow. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the gene that controls hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff, sticky, and misshapen. For a child to get the disease, both the mother and father must carry one copy of the sickle cell gene, also known as sickle cell trait, and pass both copies of the altered form to the child.
Signs:
- chest pain
- bone pain (ossalgia)
- finger pain
- joint pain - arthralgia
- Swelling of the "sausage" fingers
- growth retardation
- iron deficiency anemia
- leg swelling
- finger swelling
- hand swelling
- yellowing of the skin and pupils of the eyes - jaundice
- loss of consciousness - fainting
- decreased vision
- rapid heartbeat - tachycardia
- chronic fatigue - increased fatigue
Thrombosis is a total or partial blockage of the lumen of a vessel by a parietal or mobile thrombus. Thrombosis in a vein is caused by venous congestion due to long periods of immobility, increased blood clotting due to chemical imbalances, or damage to the vein. Most cases of thrombosis in an artery are the result of atherosclerosis, a hardening and narrowing of the arterial walls. There are also certain risk factors that can increase your chances of developing blood clots: older age; the pregnancy; some contraceptive medications; Hormone replacement therapy; lack of physical activity; obesity; of smoking; infection; Autoimmune diseases; hand injury; surgery; hereditary vascular diseases; previous blood clots.
Signs:
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- difficulty breathing - dyspnea
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- hand swelling
Preeclampsia is a complication that occurs in the late stages of pregnancy. It becomes one of the factors that cause swelling of the fingers. Additionally, the problem is characterized by: frequent headaches, abnormal swelling of the face and fingers, blurred vision, weight gain, and abdominal pain. Early treatment of preeclampsia is essential to ensure a safe pregnancy and delivery. It includes taking medications, constant monitoring by a doctor, and in rare cases, premature birth.
When should you see a doctor if you have finger pain?
You should make an appointment with your doctor if:
- the pain in the fingers is severe or interferes with normal activities;
- the pain increases at night;
- the pain did not decrease after treatment at home for a week;
- there is tingling or loss of sensation in the hand;
- have a history of diabetes;
- cannot move thumb or hold objects;
- The phalanges changed shape or color.
Diagnosis
Based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe:
- stool analysis for dysbacteriosis
- blood test
- vitamin d test
- arthroscopy
- biopsy
- skin biopsy
- lymph node biopsy
- blood chemistry
- bronchoscopy
- dermoscopy
- duplex scan of the lower extremities
- immunological study
- polymerase chain reaction test
- finkelstein investigation
- Eichof's research
- skin tests
- computed angiography
- Computed angiography of the lower extremities.
- chest computed tomography
- CT scan of the hand
- CT scan of the lungs
- CT scan of lymph nodes
- CT scan of the wrist joint
- computed tomography of the vessels of the neck
- MRI of the hand
- MRI of lymph nodes
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist joint.
- MRI of the heart
- MRI of the joints
- microscopic examination of a smear
- bone scan
- chest x-ray
- hand x-ray
- chest x-ray
- X-ray of the wrist joint.
- x-ray of the lower extremities
- x-ray of a finger
- finger x-ray
- X-ray of the esophagus
- serological test
- thoracentesis
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity
- Ultrasound examination of the veins of the upper extremities.
- ultrasound examination of the brain - neurosonography
- Ultrasound examination of the hand.
- Ultrasound examination of the wrist joint.
- Ultrasound examination of the soft tissues of the hand and arm.
- ultrasound examination of the spleen
- Ultrasound examination of the heart - echocardiography
- chest fluorography
- electroneuromyography
How to relieve pain in a finger?
The following tips can help relieve finger pain at home:
- apply ice packs for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours;
- analgesics;
- stopping or reducing activities that cause pain, such as typing, using vibrating work tools, or playing a musical instrument;
- do not take hot baths, do not go to the sauna or bathhouse during the first 2-3 days after injury;
- do not lift heavy objects.